blackshoe, on 2017-March-22, 08:22, said:
I guess "benefits" means "got a result greater than equity had the player not had the extra card". If the putative OS got a result greater than their equity in the hand, then the putative NOS must have got a result less than their equity in the hand, and that's "damage" isn't it?
It certainly is. I am amazed by this law, which I had never thought about before.
I guess it is important not to mention the extra card when you see it during the play, even if you hold it in your own hand, to increase the possibility that it will end up in the quitted tricks. Should the card be considered to be in the quitted tricks if the offender claims? Obviously yes.
On the other hand, if the auction has not begun or just begin, the NOS should tell the offender as soon as they notice, since they will have no recourse if damaged, should the offender discover the card before it is in the quitted tricks. Of course they may benefit instead, so they wil have to give up this possibility, or gamble.
I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones -- Albert Einstein