BBO Discussion Forums: Has U.S. Democracy Been Trumped? - BBO Discussion Forums

Jump to content

  • 1107 Pages +
  • « First
  • 457
  • 458
  • 459
  • 460
  • 461
  • Last »
  • You cannot start a new topic
  • You cannot reply to this topic

Has U.S. Democracy Been Trumped? Bernie Sanders wants to know who owns America?

#9161 User is offline   ldrews 

  • PipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Full Members
  • Posts: 880
  • Joined: 2014-February-21
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 10:58

View Posty66, on 2018-February-03, 10:42, said:

The memo will backfire everywhere except among the base. Nunes will be seen for the hack he is, not just for his selective editing but for incompetent editing. Mueller will press on. Trump will go down. This thread too will end.


Sounds like you are OK with the weaponizing/politicization of the DOJ/FBI. No big deal. Welcome to the United States of Banana. We can learn a lot from some African countries.
0

#9162 User is online   PassedOut 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 3,676
  • Joined: 2006-February-21
  • Location:Upper Michigan
  • Interests:Music, films, computer programming, politics, bridge

Posted 2018-February-03, 11:37

View Postldrews, on 2018-February-03, 10:58, said:

Sounds like you are OK with the weaponizing/politicization of the DOJ/FBI. No big deal. Welcome to the United States of Banana. We can learn a lot from some African countries.

Sounds like you are OK with Russia freely recruiting spies in the US, as well as our politicians. Maybe you'd like to move to Russia next.
The growth of wisdom may be gauged exactly by the diminution of ill temper. — Friedrich Nietzsche
The infliction of cruelty with a good conscience is a delight to moralists — that is why they invented hell. — Bertrand Russell
0

#9163 User is offline   ldrews 

  • PipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Full Members
  • Posts: 880
  • Joined: 2014-February-21
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 11:59

View PostPassedOut, on 2018-February-03, 11:37, said:

Sounds like you are OK with Russia freely recruiting spies in the US, as well as our politicians. Maybe you'd like to move to Russia next.


I'm sorry, but I don't understand how you came to that conclusion. I am sure that Russia routinely recruits spies in the US just as I am sure that the US recruits spies in Russia. I have nothing to do with either.

However, I do have serious concerns with the apparent corruption, weaponizing, and politicization of the DOJ and FBI. IMO you should too.
0

#9164 User is online   PassedOut 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 3,676
  • Joined: 2006-February-21
  • Location:Upper Michigan
  • Interests:Music, films, computer programming, politics, bridge

Posted 2018-February-03, 13:26

View Postldrews, on 2018-February-03, 11:59, said:

View PostPassedOut, on 2018-February-03, 11:37, said:

Sounds like you are OK with Russia freely recruiting spies in the US, as well as our politicians. Maybe you'd like to move to Russia next.

I'm sorry, but I don't understand how you came to that conclusion.

The FISA warrant was issued because the FBI had good reason to suspect Page of being a spy for Russia--well before the Steele report entered the picture. Why shouldn't the FBI be "weaponized" against Russian spies? Seems to me that the administration and some in congress are trying hard to conceal their Russian connections (money laundering, perhaps) by derailing the investigation conducted by a patriotic republican special counsel who was appointed by another patriotic republican in the DOJ. Their good work is being undercut by other republicans who are working for Putin.

Statement by John McCain

Quote

Washington, D.C. ­– U.S. Senator John McCain (R-AZ), Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, released the following statement on partisan attacks on the FBI and Department of Justice:

“In 2016, the Russian government engaged in an elaborate plot to interfere in an American election and undermine our democracy. Russia employed the same tactics it has used to influence elections around the world, from France and Germany to Ukraine, Montenegro, and beyond. Putin’s regime launched cyberattacks and spread disinformation with the goal of sowing chaos and weakening faith in our institutions. And while we have no evidence that these efforts affected the outcome of our election, I fear they succeeded in fueling political discord and dividing us from one another.

“The latest attacks on the FBI and Department of Justice serve no American interests – no party’s, no president’s, only Putin’s. The American people deserve to know all of the facts surrounding Russia’s ongoing efforts to subvert our democracy, which is why Special Counsel Mueller’s investigation must proceed unimpeded. Our nation’s elected officials, including the president, must stop looking at this investigation through the warped lens of politics and manufacturing partisan sideshows. If we continue to undermine our own rule of law, we are doing Putin’s job for him.”

John McCain is also a republican patriot. Those doing Putin's work in the US are scum.
The growth of wisdom may be gauged exactly by the diminution of ill temper. — Friedrich Nietzsche
The infliction of cruelty with a good conscience is a delight to moralists — that is why they invented hell. — Bertrand Russell
0

#9165 User is offline   ldrews 

  • PipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Full Members
  • Posts: 880
  • Joined: 2014-February-21
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 13:42

View PostPassedOut, on 2018-February-03, 13:26, said:

The FISA warrant was issued because the FBI had good reason to suspect Page of being a spy for Russia--well before the Steele report entered the picture. Why shouldn't the FBI be "weaponized" against Russian spies? Seems to me that the administration and some in congress are trying hard to conceal their Russian connections (money laundering, perhaps) by derailing the investigation conducted by a patriotic republican special counsel who was appointed by another patriotic republican in the DOJ. Their good work is being undercut by other republicans who are working for Putin.


I don't know whether Page was a spy or not, but the justification to the FISA court to obtain a warrant was primarily a "salacious and unverified" dossier, to quote Comey. The DOJ/FBI apparently intentionally withheld key information from the court, not once but 4 times, in order to obtain the warrant and its extensions. As McCabe apparently testified, without the dossier there would have been no warrant.

So the bottom line is that the DOJ/FBI surveiled a US citizen in violation of the 4th Amendment to the Constitution by perpetrating a fraud on the FISA court. It doesn't get much worse than that.
0

#9166 User is online   PassedOut 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 3,676
  • Joined: 2006-February-21
  • Location:Upper Michigan
  • Interests:Music, films, computer programming, politics, bridge

Posted 2018-February-03, 13:45

View Postldrews, on 2018-February-03, 13:42, said:

The DOJ/FBI apparently intentionally withheld key information from the court, not once but 4 times, in order to obtain the warrant and its extensions.

Only according to the scum working for Putin.
The growth of wisdom may be gauged exactly by the diminution of ill temper. — Friedrich Nietzsche
The infliction of cruelty with a good conscience is a delight to moralists — that is why they invented hell. — Bertrand Russell
0

#9167 User is offline   rmnka447 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 2,366
  • Joined: 2012-March-18
  • Gender:Male
  • Location:Illinois
  • Interests:Bridge, Golf, Soccer

Posted 2018-February-03, 13:50

View Posthrothgar, on 2018-February-02, 15:56, said:

1. Your conclusion is unwarranted


Ok, that's an opinion, but perfectly fair as such.

Quote

2. The "facts" contained in the memo clearly are not accurate


It might be fair to say that certain other key facts have not been included if you know what they are. But unless you have "alternate facts" to present that contradict the facts in the memo, you can't say the facts are false. You can say that you don't believe what the facts seem to imply which is an opinion.

Did the FBI obtain a FISA warrant to wiretap/spy on Carter Page?
Was the "Trump Dossier" part of the application for that warrant?
Was the "Trump Dossier" ultimately paid for by Hillary Clinton and the DNC?

If the answer to those questions is Yes, then you have a partisan political document being used to support or justify spying by the government on citizens of differing political persuasion. This is the USA and the FBI is supposed to be the FBI, not the KGB.

Quote

3. Both the DOJ and the FBI opposed the release of the memo


The claim was that releasing the memo would do damage to the FBI and DOJ. Do you see anything in the memo that does that? Allen Dershowitz said "99% of the time such claims by the government are unfounded. Similar claims were made by the government against the release of the Pentagon Papers. The government took that fight all the way to the Supreme Court. In the end, their claims of damage to national security didn't materialize."

Quote

Lets start cataloging mistakes in the Nunes memo (note: I am quoting / summarizing analysis by Seth Abraham here)

1. It says FISA warrant applications must meet the "highest standard" of proof in the justice system. Uh, no. The "highest standard" in the justice system is "proof beyond a reasonable doubt," which is nowhere *close* to the legal standard required to secure a search warrant. The specific FISA standard is "probable cause that the target is an 'agent of a foreign power' who's 'knowingly engaging in clandestine intelligence activities.'"


Since the FISA court is a secret court granting powers to surveil and wiretap that may tread on Americans 4th amendment rights, the bar for obtaining a warrant is necessarily higher than search warrants and wiretap warrants obtained in open court. So the integrity of the information that provides that "probable cause" needs to be held to a higher standard.

Quote

2. The memo then makes *another* error of law on its first page: saying the law requires "all relevant and material facts" to be shown to a warrant-granting court. But that's not true. Many cases confirm that law enforcement can and does leave out key facts without repercussion.


Yeah, and it also happens that when key information is left out, convictions get thrown out and/or evidence may be excluded. The above assertion says if law enforcement can get away with it, it's OK.

Quote

3. A *third* legal error on just the *first page* of the memo is it says "all potentially favorable" information—i.e., favorable to the proposed warrant target—must be included in the warrant application. Uh, no, and moreover, this *never* happens in the criminal justice system.


See the previous point.

Quote

4. Page 2 says Steele prepared the dossier "on behalf of" the DNC and Clinton—suggesting he knew he was working for them, or that he *was* working for them, which he wasn't. He was working for Fusion GPS as a sub-contractor—and had no idea who Fusion's clients were. This is a critical point—as this lie is the one Nunes uses to argue that Steele both had a conflict of interest and was biased, when in fact neither was true. Steele was not getting paid to please the DNC and/or Clinton because he literally did not know his work was for them. In fact for the first 8 months that Steele working on the project he was being funded by the Washington Free Beacon.


It doesn't matter whether Steele knew he was working for the Dems or not. The question is whether Steele had any personal animus against Donald Trump that would bring the credibility of his work into question. The memo provides some facts based on testimony that would seem to show such animus.

I thought the opposition research done on Trump by GPS funded by the Washington Free Beacon was prior to the development of the dossier by Steele.

I believe the first warrant application being reported on in the memo was in October 2016. In January 2017, James Comey did a couple things that I think are germane to the memo. He made the President aware of the dossier and represented it as the kind of salacious thing out there. He also testified under oath to Congress that the dossier was unverified. It can't be both credible in October and of unknown veracity in the following January.
0

#9168 User is offline   Winstonm 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 17,284
  • Joined: 2005-January-08
  • Gender:Male
  • Location:Tulsa, Oklahoma
  • Interests:Art, music

Posted 2018-February-03, 14:30

Here is the conundrum reality-based Americans must solve.

Why would Fredo order an inaffective and blatantly partisan memo be prepared and released and then claim that it totally vindicated Trump?

But then, all you have to do is understand this quote from Billy Bush about Fredo:

Quote

The man who once told me — ironically, in another off-camera conversation — after I called him out for inflating his ratings: “People will just believe you. You just tell them and they believe you,” was, I thought, not a good choice to lead our country.


The answer becomes simple. The memo may as well have been a handwritten copy of an Apprentice script - as long as Fredo could point to it and say, that totally vindicates me, knowing that the entire viewership of Fox News would believe it, especially after being bombarded with the same message over and over and over.

The age-old question for well-meaning people of reason is this: how do we combat what is essentially the equivalent of a state-sponsored propaganda campaign?
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
0

#9169 User is offline   ldrews 

  • PipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Full Members
  • Posts: 880
  • Joined: 2014-February-21
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 14:43

View PostWinstonm, on 2018-February-03, 14:30, said:

Here is the conundrum reality-based Americans must solve.

Why would Fredo order an inaffective and blatantly partisan memo be prepared and released and then claim that it totally vindicated Trump?

But then, all you have to do is understand this quote from Billy Bush about Fredo:



The answer becomes simple. The memo may as well have been a handwritten copy of an Apprentice script - as long as Fredo could point to it and say, that totally vindicates me, knowing that the entire viewership of Fox News would believe it, especially after being bombarded with the same message over and over and over.

The age-old question for well-meaning people of reason is this: how do we combat what is essentially the equivalent of a state-sponsored propaganda campaign?


No, the age-old question is how do we combat the weaponization and politicization against political opponents of our justice system?
0

#9170 User is offline   Winstonm 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 17,284
  • Joined: 2005-January-08
  • Gender:Male
  • Location:Tulsa, Oklahoma
  • Interests:Art, music

Posted 2018-February-03, 15:10

View Postrmnka447, on 2018-February-03, 13:50, said:

Ok, that's an opinion, but perfectly fair as such.



It might be fair to say that certain other key facts have not been included if you know what they are. But unless you have "alternate facts" to present that contradict the facts in the memo, you can't say the facts are false. You can say that you don't believe what the facts seem to imply which is an opinion.

Did the FBI obtain a FISA warrant to wiretap/spy on Carter Page?
Was the "Trump Dossier" part of the application for that warrant?
Was the "Trump Dossier" ultimately paid for by Hillary Clinton and the DNC?

If the answer to those questions is Yes, then you have a partisan political document being used to support or justify spying by the government on citizens of differing political persuasion. This is the USA and the FBI is supposed to be the FBI, not the KGB.



The claim was that releasing the memo would do damage to the FBI and DOJ. Do you see anything in the memo that does that? Allen Dershowitz said "99% of the time such claims by the government are unfounded. Similar claims were made by the government against the release of the Pentagon Papers. The government took that fight all the way to the Supreme Court. In the end, their claims of damage to national security didn't materialize."



Since the FISA court is a secret court granting powers to surveil and wiretap that may tread on Americans 4th amendment rights, the bar for obtaining a warrant is necessarily higher than search warrants and wiretap warrants obtained in open court. So the integrity of the information that provides that "probable cause" needs to be held to a higher standard.



Yeah, and it also happens that when key information is left out, convictions get thrown out and/or evidence may be excluded. The above assertion says if law enforcement can get away with it, it's OK.



See the previous point.



It doesn't matter whether Steele knew he was working for the Dems or not. The question is whether Steele had any personal animus against Donald Trump that would bring the credibility of his work into question. The memo provides some facts based on testimony that would seem to show such animus.

I thought the opposition research done on Trump by GPS funded by the Washington Free Beacon was prior to the development of the dossier by Steele.

I believe the first warrant application being reported on in the memo was in October 2016. In January 2017, James Comey did a couple things that I think are germane to the memo. He made the President aware of the dossier and represented it as the kind of salacious thing out there. He also testified under oath to Congress that the dossier was unverified. It can't be both credible in October and of unknown veracity in the following January.


Let's clarify a couple of problems with your paranoia.

First, the initial Carter Page FISA warrant came out after he had left the campaign. How can there be a political motivation to initiate surveillance of an ex-campaign member?

Second, who paid Fusion GPS is irrelevant to facts. Fusion GPS founder Glenn Simpson in testimony stated that the Steele memos were not facts but rather human-source information. No FISA judge would make a ruling based solely or even primarily on that kind of documentary second-hand information.

Third, parts of the Steele memos about Carter Page have been verified - by Page himself. There must certainly be wiretaps and other highly classified information that would confirm Page's interactions with Russians - and it would be that factual evidence that would lend credence to the Steel memos. So you have it backwards. The facts presented to the court must have supported the claims of the Steele memos else we wouldn't be having this discussion.
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
0

#9171 User is offline   ldrews 

  • PipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Full Members
  • Posts: 880
  • Joined: 2014-February-21
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 15:15

Rep Ratcliffe confirms abuses:

https://ratcliffe.ho...sed-highlighted
0

#9172 User is offline   ggwhiz 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 3,952
  • Joined: 2008-June-23
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 15:43

View PostWinstonm, on 2018-February-03, 15:10, said:

First, the initial Carter Page FISA warrant came out after he had left the campaign. How can there be a political motivation to initiate surveillance of an ex-campaign member?


Umm First Page was the subject of a FISA warrant in 2013/14 with no doubt good but classified reason to believe he was being cultivated by Russian Intelligence.

Yet the latest one is politically motivated? Just goes to show how rigorous the process to get one is.
When a deaf person goes to court is it still called a hearing?
What is baby oil made of?
0

#9173 User is offline   cherdano 

  • 5555
  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 9,519
  • Joined: 2003-September-04
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 15:48

View Postrmnka447, on 2018-February-03, 13:50, said:

The claim was that releasing the memo would do damage to the FBI and DOJ.

The claims I have seen (from the FBI, and from the Democratic members of the House Oversight Committee) are that the memo omits material facts that give misleading impressions about the government's actions.

View Postrmnka447, on 2018-February-03, 13:50, said:

It doesn't matter whether Steele knew he was working for the Dems or not. The question is whether Steele had any personal animus against Donald Trump that would bring the credibility of his work into question. The memo provides some facts based on testimony that would seem to show such animus.

This would only be an issue if the government misled the FISA court about the possibility of such animus. A NYT article from yesterday claims:

Quote

But a 10-page Democratic memo written to rebut the Republican document says that the F.B.I. was more forthcoming with the surveillance court than the Republicans say. The F.B.I. told the court that the information it received from Mr. Steele was politically motivated, though the agency did not say it was financed by Democrats, according to two people familiar with the Democratic memo.

If that is correct, I doubt this would be an issue for the court. "Hillary" and "DNC" might get all your personal alarm bells ringing, but I doubt that for an impartial court it would be a stronger warning than "politically motivated".

View Postrmnka447, on 2018-February-03, 13:50, said:

I believe the first warrant application being reported on in the memo was in October 2016. In January 2017, James Comey did a couple things that I think are germane to the memo. He made the President aware of the dossier and represented it as the kind of salacious thing out there. He also testified under oath to Congress that the dossier was unverified. It can't be both credible in October and of unknown veracity in the following January.

That's false. It can both be credible enough in October to warrant "probable cause" in October, but still be unverified the following January.

I guess what I don't get from your post is whether you think the FISA court was part of the partisan which hunt, or whether you think the court was materially misled about the Steele dossier.
The easiest way to count losers is to line up the people who talk about loser count, and count them. -Kieran Dyke
1

#9174 User is offline   Al_U_Card 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 6,080
  • Joined: 2005-May-16
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 16:30

"It doesn't matter who paid Steele, it's the facts that count...." but ad hom attacks work in here to color the "character" of the presenter, no?

Your political system is a cess-pool and the intelligence services are a series of snake-pits. Despite this, it is the best system in the world. Oy vey is mir! Russia, China and the Brits all spy along with the US because that is the way of this world and altruism and moral rectitude now depend on whose drones work best (the US for the moment....)
The Grand Design, reflected in the face of Chaos...it's a fluke!
0

#9175 User is offline   Winstonm 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 17,284
  • Joined: 2005-January-08
  • Gender:Male
  • Location:Tulsa, Oklahoma
  • Interests:Art, music

Posted 2018-February-03, 16:36

What is the over/under for Fredo commenting on this terror attack.
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
0

#9176 User is offline   cherdano 

  • 5555
  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 9,519
  • Joined: 2003-September-04
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 17:32

WSJ and Washington Post follow up with similar reports.

https://www.washingt...m=.eab957ea4131

Quote

The Justice Department made “ample disclosure of relevant, material facts” to the court that revealed “the research was being paid for by a political entity,” said one official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the matter’s sensitivity.


https://www.wsj.com/...memo-1517592392

Quote

The memo is critical of Mr. Steele and notes that prosecutors in their application for the warrant didn’t explicitly state that he was working for a firm funded by Democrats. But the FISA application did disclose Mr. Steele was being paid by a law firm working for a major political party, according to a person familiar with the matter. Redacting the names of U.S. people or organizations who aren’t the subject of an investigation is a common practice in government legal filings, designed to protect privacy.


Unless you take the romantic view that the FBI should forever ignore any information provided by someone with a political opinion (or rather, any information provided by someone with a political opinion different from your own), there is just nothing there.
The easiest way to count losers is to line up the people who talk about loser count, and count them. -Kieran Dyke
0

#9177 User is offline   kenberg 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 11,224
  • Joined: 2004-September-22
  • Location:Northern Maryland

Posted 2018-February-03, 19:37

The bottom line is simple.
Mueller needs the freedom to continue his investigation. He is a serious capable person with a fine reputation.
The rest is noise. Quite a bit of noise, but noise. I have no intent of discussing whether this means I want to live in a Stalinist state. There are limits to distractions that need a response.
We need to stay focused. I think we will.
Ken
0

#9178 User is offline   ldrews 

  • PipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Full Members
  • Posts: 880
  • Joined: 2014-February-21
  • Gender:Male

Posted 2018-February-03, 19:56

View Postkenberg, on 2018-February-03, 19:37, said:

The bottom line is simple.
Mueller needs the freedom to continue his investigation. He is a serious capable person with a fine reputation.
The rest is noise. Quite a bit of noise, but noise. I have no intent of discussing whether this means I want to live in a Stalinist state. There are limits to distractions that need a response.
We need to stay focused. I think we will.


That noise you hear may very well be the approach of a major storm. I hope you have put away all of your livestock and secured the windmill. Good luck.
0

#9179 User is offline   Winstonm 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 17,284
  • Joined: 2005-January-08
  • Gender:Male
  • Location:Tulsa, Oklahoma
  • Interests:Art, music

Posted 2018-February-03, 22:49

Time has an interesting new story about Carter Page's connections to Russia and why he was under scrutiny by the FBI as far back as 2013.

Quote

Former Trump campaign adviser Carter Page bragged that he was an adviser to the Kremlin in a letter obtained by TIME that raises new questions about the extent of Page’s contacts with the Russian government over the years.

The letter, dated Aug. 25, 2013, was sent by Page to an academic press during a dispute over edits to an unpublished manuscript he had submitted for publication, according to an editor who worked with Page.

“Over the past half year, I have had the privilege to serve as an informal advisor to the staff of the Kremlin in preparation for their Presidency of the G-20 Summit next month, where energy issues will be a prominent point on the agenda,” the letter reads

"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
0

#9180 User is offline   hrothgar 

  • PipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPipPip
  • Group: Advanced Members
  • Posts: 15,488
  • Joined: 2003-February-13
  • Gender:Male
  • Location:Natick, MA
  • Interests:Travel
    Cooking
    Brewing
    Hiking

Posted 2018-February-04, 05:00

View PostWinstonm, on 2018-February-03, 22:49, said:

Time has an interesting new story about Carter Page's connections to Russia and why he was under scrutiny by the FBI as far back as 2013.


Carter Page was clearly in the "useful idiot" category

In contrast. it appears as if George Papadopoulos was categorized as a "useless idiot"

"Only the best people"...
Alderaan delenda est
0

  • 1107 Pages +
  • « First
  • 457
  • 458
  • 459
  • 460
  • 461
  • Last »
  • You cannot start a new topic
  • You cannot reply to this topic

71 User(s) are reading this topic
3 members, 68 guests, 0 anonymous users

  1. Chas_P,
  2. PassedOut,
  3. sharon j